Authenticity is one of the fundamental elements of cultural heritage, showing or designed to show that cultural heritage is undoubtedly authentic, that it can represent the “true” past, embody “reliable” facts, etc. In the European concept of cultural heritage protection, two opposing paradigms of authenticity are presented: historical matter and historical image.
A research is an analysis of legal regulation effectiveness for the issues of garden and park art sites by the nature protection laws in comparison with the national and international monuments protection norms.
Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the reactivity of iron-gall inks with varying iron concentrations. Vegetable extracts with hydrolysable tannins produced stable ink, while the presence of crystal aggregates explained the low reactivity of condensed tannins. This novel archaeometric approach has proved useful in chemical corrosion studies of ancient documents.