надійність роботи водія

The study of the human factors in traffic safety is a relatively young scientific field that began to develop several decades before the mass car advent. The origins of transport psychology and psychophysiology were mostly aimed at creating more comfortable and safe driving conditions due to the design of highways. Over time, there was a need to take into account drivers working conditions, namely the ergonomics of vehicles.

Ensuring the transport process requires proper interaction of all parts of the system "driver - car - road - environment" and its subsystems. In this case, the driver is often a "weak" component of the system, and his actions can reduce the level of road users` safety. It should be noted that the reliability of the driver can be considered as the probability of his trouble-free and error-free operation, as well as the proper level of his regulatory mechanisms functioning.

Nowadays, the transport industry plays an important role in human well-being and the functioning of any settlement. Transport systems are involved in almost all areas of production and services. Therefore, any failure in its operation can lead to significant material costs. One of the most important such systems is “driver – vehicle – road – environment”. It should be noted, that the main link in it is “driver”. The correctness and duration of decision-making in different road situations depend on the driver`s functional state. This directly affects the level of traffic safety.

The article analyzes the influence of a human factor on road safety and the main methods of its research. The main indicators of the functional state of the drivers, which most accurately illustrate the change in the neuro-emotional stress while operating the vehicle in different road conditions, are determined. The regularities of changing the functional state of the drivers who were driving the vehicle along different categories of roads were established.